Sometimes it seems like the world has been hit by a pandemic of unhappiness. The rate of depression today is ten times higher than it was in 1960. What’s more, fifty years ago, the onset of depression began on average at the age of 29; today, statistically, it starts at 14.
In order to understand what has gone wrong, it is important to take a step back, and analyse the mistakes traditional psychology has made. The first was defined by Tal Ben-Shahar, also known as the professor of happiness, as the “error of the average”, which focussed only on average results as a way of understanding human behaviour as a whole. In the long term, this method led to what is known in behavioural science as “the cult of mediocrity”, which completely ignored any behaviour or result that fell outside a specific, average range. In this way, study programmes, for example, were geared towards average students, ignoring others who were able to learn something in a shorter time, or those who needed more help. Yet focussing only on average results meant that, generation after generation, mediocrity became the goal, creating an inevitable vicious circle. The second mistake was to focus on negativity, in other words, on those who fell below average. The reason behind it was understandable: these people needed more help to reach a level considered normal. However, in trying to bridge the gap between below average and normal, the best possible outcome was, in fact, just average. Moreover, continuously focussing on the negative distorts our vision, and makes us believe that our lives will be nothing but suffering, and that there is nothing we can do about it. For this reason, in 1998, the then-president of the American Psychological Association, Martin Seligman, stressed the need to also study what worked, not just what was broken. This was the beginning of what would later become known as positive psychology.
